Information equals power, which is why securities regulators are encouraging investors to be aware about popular investment fraud scams so they don’t become a victim. One of the most popular vehicles for investment fraud includes unregistered securities such as private placements.

Also known as Regulation D offerings, private placements do not have to be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). This means they often lack detailed financial information, as well as a prospectus.

In 2010 and 2011, an increase in investor complaints regarding private placements caused the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) to launch a nationwide investigation of broker/dealers marketing and selling the products. As a result of the investigation, a number of fraud and sales practice abuses were uncovered. Two major cases involved Medical Capital Holdings and Provident Royalties.

Both entities were charged with fraud by the SEC in 2009. Since then, several broker/dealers that sold private placements in Medical Capital and Provident Royalties have faced enforcement actions, as well as fines by regulators. Meanwhile, investors are continuing to file lawsuits and arbitration claims over the failed deals.

As reported Dec. 14 by the Wall Street Journal, baby boomers are most vulnerable victims of investment scams involving private placements. Of the enforcements in 2010 for investors age 50 or older, cases involving unregistered securities outnumbered those related to ordinary stocks and bonds by a ratio of five to one, according to the North American Securities Administrators Association.

One of the victims of those crimes is Keith Grimes, 56. Grimes put $500,000 – his entire life savings – into an investment fund that promised returns of 14% to 24%. Described as having a manager with a successful track record of trading stocks and other financial products, the investment turned out to be a Ponzi scheme, in which money from new investors is used to pay returns to other investors.

The so-called manager of the fund in question was James D. Risher. On Dec. 6, Risher was sentenced to more than 19 years in federal prison. Meanwhile, Grimes, who lost almost all of his financial savings in the doomed deal, is now living in a borrowed mobile home and running an industrial-fiberglass business, according to the Wall Street Journal article.

According to the SEC, Risher raised $22 million from more than 100 investors, while placing only $2.5 million in brokerage accounts and losing about $890,000 through his trading. More than $8 million went to “management and performance fees,” with Risher spending $4.5 million on jewelry, gifts, property and personal expenses.

Soured investments in real estate deals and private placements involving Medical Capital and Provident Royalties have caused a number of broker/dealers to go belly up this year. Closures of broker/dealers, in fact, are outpacing new entrants into the market. Between May 2010 and May 2011, a total of 336 broker/dealers notified the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) that they were closing their doors for business. By comparison, 190 new B-Ds came on board.

And there appears to be more bad news ahead. As reported June 23 by Investment News, the Compliance Department predicts that the broker/dealer industry could see an 11% net loss of broker/dealers by 2014.

The dwindling number of broker/dealers came to a head this year, highlighted by the failures of such names as GunnAllen Financial, QA3 Financial Corporation and Jesup & Lamont Securities.

Other well known B-Ds like Securities America also have come under fire because of legal troubles connected to private-placement sales in Medical Capital Holdings and Provident Royalties. Both companies were charged with fraud by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in July 2009.

Most recently, California-based MCL Financial Group filed its broker/dealer withdrawal form with FINRA. Last year, the receiver for bankrupt real estate syndicator DBSI sued MCL in an attempt to recover commissions generated from sales of tenant-in-common exchanges (TICs). According to court documents, MCL collected $210,000 in commissions from selling TICs issued by DBSI.

Earlier this month, WFP Securities of San Diego, California, also notified FINRA of its plans to shutter. WFP is facing more than $14 million in legal claims, after having sold more than $27 million of private placements issued by Medical Capital Holdings and $6.8 million issued by Provident Royalties.

The private-placement game is changing, thanks in large part to ongoing legal cases over failed private placements – also known as Reg D offerings – in Provident Royalties and Medical Capital Holdings. Both companies were charged with fraud by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2009.

Major private-placement players like Securities America are feeling the ramifications of the issues involving Medical Capital and Provident Royalties – including a rash of lawsuits and arbitration claims filed by investors, as well as fraud charges issued by state securities regulators.

For some broker/dealers, the legal troubles stemming to Provident and Medical Capital, as well as to other failed private-placement offerings, have proven too much. Unable to sustain sufficient capital to fight their legal battles, many have gone out of business. Among the broker/dealers that have shuttered: Cullum & Burks Securities Inc., Securities Network, GunnAllen Financial, QA3 Financial Corp. and Jesup & Lamont Securities Corp., among others.

For the broker/dealers that do remain in the private-placement game, it’s likely they will see stricter oversight of the investments they market and sell to investors in the future. Just this week, the head of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) publicly called upon broker/dealers that sell private placements to engage in a more vigorous due diligence process, “pushing and pulling” for information about the products.

“We want to recognize where there’s limited disclosure and appears to be a speculative investment, you need to push to try to get more information,” said Richard Ketchum, chairman and chief executive of FINRA, at the regulator’s annual meeting in Washington

“It’s not good enough to go to a canned information session. You need to push and pull,” he said of the due diligence process for broker/dealers touting risking private-placement deals.

Embattled broker/dealer Securities America is crying foul as it faces Massachusetts securities regulators over claims of misleading investors who bought $7.2 million in Medical Capital private placements. The legal showdown began in earnest last week, when Securities America appeared at an administrative hearing to answer allegations brought in early 2010 that the broker/dealer failed to disclose potential red flags to both advisers and clients about Medical Capital.

Medical Capital is a Tustin, California, lender that issued private placements to purchase medical receivables. Securities America was one of Medical Capital’s biggest distributors, selling an estimated $700 million of the private placements from 2003 to 2008.

Meanwhile, investors reportedly lost more than $1 billion with their purchases of Medical Capital notes.

In July 2009, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged Medical Capital and its two top executives with securities fraud. After raising $2.2 billion in capital, the firm is now in receivership. Regulators have since discovered that Medical Capital’s assets included not only medical receivables and loans but also a 118-foot yacht and a $20 million stake in the movie, “Perfect Game.”

As reported Oct. 4 by Investment News, the Securities America case is the first major legal battle involving an independent broker/dealer that sold private placements, or Regulation D offerings.

According to the lawsuit brought by Massachusetts regulators, Securities America deceived investors by allegedly representing MedCap notes as safe, secure and guaranteed, and never revealing the true nature of risk that the investments presented.

In addition, the lawsuit alleges that a due-diligence analyst at Securities America had serious concerns about Medical Capital, including the lack of audited financials for the series of private placement offerings. In 2005, Jim Nagengast, who was then Securities America’s president and current its chief executive officer, wrote in an e-mail that he, too, had issues about the lack of audited financials.

“Massachusetts investors were sold unsuitable, fraudulent notes by fraudulent means,” said Richard Khalife, an attorney for the Massachusetts Securities Division, in the Investment News article. “Unlawful conduct can’t go unpunished.”

Massachusetts isn’t the only regulator suing Securities America over sales of Medical Capital notes. In August, Montana regulators also sued Securities America, alleging that the firm and executives “withheld material information regarding heightened risks” from its representatives and their clients regarding notes issued by Medical Capital Holdings.

More than 40 other independent broker/dealers sold private placements in Medical Capital.

Maddox Hargett & Caruso P.C. continues to file arbitration claims with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) on behalf of investors who suffered investment losses in Medical Capital. If you purchased Medical Capital Notes from a broker/dealer and wish to discuss your potential rights for recovery, contact us.

Investor complaints regarding private placements – including those linked to Medical Capital Holdings – have prompted several state and federal investigations into the private placement sales practices of broker/dealers across the country. In many instances, the investigations have revealed a significant lack of regulatory compliance.

In response, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) has published new guidance for FINRA-registered firms about their obligations when it comes to customer suitability, disclosures and other requirements for selling private placements to customers. Specifically, FINRA Regulatory Notice 10-22 reinforces and details a broker/dealer’s obligation to conduct a reasonable investigation of an issuer and the securities that are recommended in its offerings.

The Notice also highlights private placement red flags and supervisory requirements, and suggests practices to help ensure that firms adequately investigate the private placements that they recommend.

Private placements under Regulation D are usually sold to “accredited” investors and a limited number of non-accredited investors. While accredited investors must meet certain income or asset tests, the Notice emphasizes that a broker/dealer’s suitability obligations require it to conduct a reasonable investigation whenever it makes a recommendation in a private placement under Regulation D.

“An increase in investor complaints regarding private placements, as well as SEC actions halting sales of certain private placement offerings, led FINRA to launch a nationwide initiative that involves active examinations and investigations of broker-dealers engaged in retail sales of private placement interests,” said FINRA Chairman and CEO Rick Ketchum, in a statement.

“That initiative has uncovered misconduct, including fraud and sales practice abuses. While several enforcement actions have been taken and additional investigations are underway, FINRA is taking this opportunity to remind firms of their substantial duties when engaging in the sale of private placement offerings,” he said.

FINRA has brought three enforcement actions in recent months involving private placement offering violations. The actions include a complaint charging McGinn, Smith & Co. and its president with securities fraud in the sales of tens of millions of dollars in unregistered securities; the expulsion of Dallas-based Provident Asset Management for marketing a series of fraudulent private placement offered by an affiliate in a massive Ponzi scheme; and fines totaling $750,000 against Pacific Cornerstone Capital and its former CEO for failing to include complete information in private placement offering documents and marketing material, as well as for advertising violations and supervisory failures.

Medical Capital Holdings broker John B. Guyette has surrendered his securities license to practice business in Colorado over what regulators say was a violation of state and federal securities laws regarding sales of private placements in Medical Capital Holdings. Guyette also is no longer registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).

Colorado regulators allege that Guyette sold the private placements to a number of investors with whom he did not have a prior relationship, which is a violation of Regulation D. Regulation D is the federal securities law under which private placements are offered.

“I surrendered my license; I did not lose it,” said Guyette, who contends that he personally invested more than $200,000 in Medical Capital notes. “I voluntarily resigned rather than take this to the next level [court]. I decided not to fight this, and retired,” he said in an April 13 story in Investment News.

Guyette neither admitted nor denied the allegation by Colorado regulators, but nonetheless agreed to the order.

Private placements have come under fire by state and federal regulators following a 2009 announcement by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to file fraud charges against Medical Capital Holdings. According to the SEC’s complaint, Medical Capital allegedly operated much like a Ponzi scheme.

Since 2003, Medical Capital raised $2.2 billion from six private placement offerings to 20,000 investors nationwide. Things started to go haywire in the summer of 2008, when many Medical Capital borrowers began defaulting, which resulted in late interest payments to investors throughout 2009. Since then, investors have filed several complaints against Guyette alleging losses of $600,000.

Guyette and his business partner, Tom Miller, sold Medical Capital securities through Elite Investments; other broker/dealers marketed and sold the placements through CapWest Securities in Greeley.

Guyette remains licensed to sell securities in California, Illinois and Wyoming. According to an April 13 article by American Chronicle, Guyette sayshe has no plans to fight the state of Colorado for the return of his license or move to states where he is licensed.

Private placement offerings and leveraged ETFs (exchange-traded funds) are among the investments that con artists turn to as a way to scam innocent victims. Private placements in particular have been in the news lately, with their issuers – i.e. Medical Capital Holdings and Provident Royalties – accused of committing fraud.

As reported April 9 by CNBC, it’s become increasingly commonplace for investors to find themselves a victim of an investment scam or con. According to the North American Securities Administrator Association (NASAA), senior citizens are the No. 1 target for fraud, with baby boomers ranking a close second. In 2008, the FBI estimated that some $40 billion was lost to securities and commodities fraud.

In addition to private placement offerings, leveraged ETFs rank high in terms of potential abuse for fraud. While legitimate financial products, ETFs are complicated investments that trade on a daily basis. ETFs use exotic financial instruments, including derivatives, to generate better returns than the market return. This potential volatility, along with the increased exposure to risk, may make ETFs an unsuitable investment for most retail investors.

The best way to prevent fraud is to do your homework. If you suspect a deal is too good to be true, contact your state securities regulator. You also can find out if the person selling the offering or investment is registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) on FINRA’s BrokerCheck Web site.

Another red flag to be aware of: Guarantees of a high rate of return on unregistered securities.

Private placements, which have made news in connection to Medical Capital Holdings and Provident Royalties, are becoming an increasingly questionable investment for ordinary investors.

Private placements are securities in stocks, bonds or other instruments that a corporation issues to investors. The investments are riskier than traditional securities because many of the issuing companies don’t have to register their placements with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Former schoolteacher Adrianne Cross found this out the hard way. According to a March 27 article in the Wall Street Journal, Cross, 64, invested her life savings in private placements. She thought the investments were safe. Now she’s lost everything.

According to the Wall Street Journal, Cross’ broker worked for Ameriprise Financial’s Securities America unit in Los Angeles. Cross says the broker persuaded her to invest more than $1 million in private-placement securities issued by Medical Capital Holdings and Provident Royalties LLC in 2007. The broker allegedly told Cross that the investments were a safe alternative to stocks.

The Securities America broker was wrong. Both Medical Capital and Provident Royalties, which face fraud charges by the SEC, collapsed in 2009. For Cross and thousands of other investors, it meant their investments became essentially worthless.

Cross has since filed an arbitration claim with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) in an attempt to recover her losses.

In January, Massachusetts’ Secretary of State William Galvin brought the first state enforcement case against Securities America over the broker/dealer’s sales practices of Medical Capital securities. According to the complaint, Securities America’s representatives failed to disclose the risks to customers, many of whom were retirees.

If you have a story to tell involving Medical Capital Holdings, Securities America and/or Provident Royalties, please contact a member of our securities fraud team.

Provident Asset Management has officially been expelled by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) for marketing a series of fraudulent private placements through its affiliate, Provident Royalties, LLC, in what the regulator calls a “massive Ponzi scheme.”

According to FINRA, Provident misrepresented to investors that the funds raised through the various offerings would be used to purchase interests in the oil and gas business. In reality, the funds were commingled and used by an affiliated issuer to make dividend and principal payments to other investors. In addition, FINRA says Provident acted as the agent in an oil and gas private placement offering but failed to establish an escrow account for investors’ funds during the contingency period of the offering.

FINRA found that from September 2006 through January 2009, Provident Asset Management marketed and sold preferred stock and limited partnership interests in a series of 23 private placements offered by Provident Royalties, LLC. Provident Asset Management’s only business line was acting as the wholesaling broker-dealer for the Provident Royalties’ offerings, which were sold to customers through more than 50 retail broker/dealers nationwide. In total,  more than $480 million was raised through approximately 7,700 individual investments made by thousands of investors.

Meanwhile, FINRA’s broader investigation into broker/dealers that sold Provident private placements remains ongoing.

Pacific Cornerstone Capital and former CEO Terry Roussel face $750,000 in fines by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Industry (FINRA) for making misleading statements and omitting facts in connection with sales of two private placements. FINRA also charged the broker/dealer and Roussel with advertising violations and supervisory failures.

According to a statement by FINRA, Pacific Cornerstone sold private placements in two affiliated companies from January 2004 to May 2009 using offering documents and accompanying sales literature that promised to return an investor’s principal in two to four years, along with generating a return of more than 18%. FINRA says it found no reasonable basis for those statements.

In addition, Pacific Cornerstone offered private placement units of the two affiliated entities, Cornerstone Industrial Properties, LLC and CIP Leveraged Fund Advisors, LLC, to other broker/dealers and investment advisors. They, in turn, sold the units to the investing public. A total of $50 million worth of private placements were sold to nearly 1,000 investors.

During the same period that the private placements were sold, Roussel periodically sent letters to investors to update them on the progress of their investments. According to FINRA, those progress reports painted a positive – albeit unrealistic – future, as well as failed to provide required risk disclosures. FINRA also found that the offering documents neglected to reveal a complete and accurate financial condition of one or both of the companies.